http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/eo20060727hc.html
Hugh Cortazzi
"It was, of course, right to expect that civil servants should put into force the policies of the new government, but it was also their job to give unbiased advice about the possible pitfalls and the legality of government policy. The new ministers did not welcome warnings from civil servants. Layers of political advisers were introduced into government departments determined to ensure that the wishes of ministers were not undermined or thwarted by unelected officials, and that policies were presented in the best way for the government. One or two political advisers were given authority to direct civil servants and the advice of civil servants was filtered through political advisers." [Gov & Pol; Home Office]
